程 chéng ⇒ Chinese Family Name: new class order of + 100 Chinese Family Names, Chinese Surnames

Chinese Family Name: new class order of + 100 Chinese Family Names, Chinese Surnames

程 chéng  (parcours)    => Celebrities of the family name ?

程姓源流追溯 祝融氏重黎后

根据历来学者的考证,程氏的源流可以追溯到上古时期曾经出任火官“祝融氏”的重黎,是最为道地的黄帝子孙。   关于程氏的来源,有关古籍的记载很多,包括《姓纂》所记载的:“颛顼重黎之后,程伯休父其后也”;《万姓统谱》所说的:“程伯休父入为大司马,封于程,后遂为氏,与司马氏同,望出广平、安定”;以及《广韵》上所记述的:“商封重黎之后于程蛞晕稀钡鹊取?   综合以上的文述,程氏的先祖应该是“祝融氏”重黎的后代子孙。由于在商朝时有一位程伯休父在朝廷上贵为大司马,并且被封食采于一个叫作程的地方而得姓。依此推算,程氏之得姓,大约已经有了4000年的历史,真可以说是一个既古老又光辉的大家族。   另外,根据《左传》的杜注,在春秋时代的晋国,除了上述源自重黎的程氏之外,还出现了第二支以程为姓的家族,那就是荀氏后裔的改以程为姓。《左传》的那段注解是这样说的:“晋荀氏支子食采于程,以邑为氏。”   春秋时代晋国的荀氏,是一个著名而尊贵的家族,世代都很显达。依照《姓纂》的记载,荀氏是“周文王第十七子郇侯之后以国为氏”,其后并分为旬氏、程氏、知氏、辅氏。换言之,出现于春秋时代的第二支程氏,应该也是周文王的后裔,而周文王则是黄帝的姬姓子孙,因此两支程氏的得姓尽管有先后之别,但认真的追溯起来,实际上根本都是一父所生,仅仅是殊途而同归罢了。   程氏老早便称盛于北方,还可以从历史上找到许多具体的证据,其中,最为明显的可以说莫过于秦始皇时创造隶书的程邈的现身说法。因为,这位对精美奥妙的中国文字有不朽贡献的历史人物,正是当时的下杜人,也就是现在陕西省长安县人。程邈的创造隶书,对于中国文化的贡献之大,已经是有目共睹的。根据史载,当初他并没有十分响亮的地位和名气,仅仅是一名小小的县吏而已,而且,不久之后还因得罪人而被关在云阳的牢狱里,没想到漫漫无期的铁窗岁月,却给带来了傲视人寰的辉煌成就。他以10年时间构思,把大小篆蜕变而成隶书3000字。当时不但在秦始皇的激赏之下被赦出狱,还被封为御史的高官,而且使得中国文字自此定型,丰功伟迹堪称与日月同光。
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Chinese Family Names

According to the Xinhua Agency (New China Agency), the latest research supported by the National Natural Science Fund Committee gave the new sequence of “Chinese Family Names". Although the three names Li, Wang, Zhang declined in the proportion of the total population, they still take the place of the top 3.

The total population of each of these three names is not exceeding 100 million

This survey was accomplished during two years by Mr YUAN Yida , a researcher of the Institute of Chinese Academy of genetic and developmental biology. Their survey involved 1,110 counties and cities of 296 million people, received 4,100 Chinese Family names. Through the county, region and province population statistics, resulting in the classification of the New Chinese Family Names. The survey showed that among the 4,100 names, the top three are Li, Wang, Zhang, which accounted for 7.4%, 7.2% and 6.8% of China's total population, the total population of each of the three names is less than 100 million; there are 18 names accounted for 1% of China's total population, 129 names accounted for 0.1% of the population and occupied 87% of the total population.

The population of the tree names declined compared with 20 years ago

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population. “Li, as the largest name, was declined from 7.9% to 7.4% currently, because there were only 570,000 original samples, but now they reached nearly 3 million.” YUAN Yida said that compared with 20 years ago, the sample of this survey is larger than before, involved nearly 40% counties of China, in almost all areas that the Chinese characters are used. The results are closer to the Chinese names real situation. Especially for the study of Chinese Y chromosome diversity, disease distribution, the origin of the nationality Han, and flow disciplines, the distribution data and areas of the top 300 common Chinese names would provide new clues and information which have the highest valuation in research and practical use.

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population.

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population.

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population.

So far, there are 23,000 names are collected

China was the first country of the world who uses family name, about 5000 years ago; the name has been designated as hereditary, passed through patriarchal way. 20 years ago, it was the first time of CAS natural science approach to the study of Chinese surnames distribution, they announced the classification of 100 common surnames, and this research brings the high concern of both the interior and overseas Chinese.

The Chinese scientists will continue to publish the data and distribution of the top 300 Chinese names and re-publish "the Great Chinese surnames dictionary," which will include over 23,000 names collected in order to advance the development of the name and genealogy culture industries.

Background

20 years ago, 270 million people named Zhang Yuan Wang National experts showed the "Family Names “in census data of 1986. These three clans are the top three.

On May 2, 1987, the studies statistical results of YUAN Yida and Institute CAS of genetic and biology development: the largest three names are Li, Wang, Zhang, which accounted for 7.9% , 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population, the total population of these three names are 270 million, that are the largest three clans groups of world. And the name which Chinese people have used had reached 22,000. According to the introduction of YUAN Yida , the family name research is a science. And Chinese names are the best research target in name study. Chinese surnames reflects the process of Chinese society’s evolution in several thousands years.

There is no one country and a nation in the world that has a long history like China, with 5,000 years continuous history. Such a civilization chain is the most consistent with the laws of genetics. In addition, the Chinese people have a relatively strong in clan concepts, so the persons who have the same name, share the same blood relations often live together. "This is why in the map of China; there is so many village of Zhang's and Villages of Li's,YUAN Yida said.

In 1983, there is a national census in China. The relevant sample data of census are counted in 1986. According to the related information and data, YUAN Yida started the statistical research on family names. In1987, the statistics of YUAN Yida output 12,000 to 13,000 Chinese names. In the same year, the news of Chinese Academy of Sciences doeing the research on family name was disseminated widely by some news media. On May 2, 1987, YUAN Yida published the top 100 names in this statistics, which to be known as "New 100 Chinese Family Names." In "New Family Names", "Li, Wang, Zhang," are the top three. In 2002, a book who has more than 50 million words with 200 charts of name's distribution "Chinese surnames: genetic and demographic groups," announced the research work of 10 years being completed. In the book, after years of collecting and studies of national names YUAN Yida indicated that the biggest three names are Li, Wang, and Zhang.

YUAN Yida said that it’s not easy for these common surnames to continue to today. For example in the dynasty Yuan, to assure the dominion of Yuan, it had been recommended to the emperor Yuan Shun to kill all the people whose names were in the top five. Fortunately the Emperor hesitated before deciding not to do any action, so these people can survive, thus enabling the transmission of the family name transmit to this day.

According to the report of “The evening paper of Guangzhou”

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