张 zhāng ⇒ Chinese Family Name: historical class order of + 100 Chinese Family Names, Chinese Surnames

Chinese Family Name: historical class order of + 100 Chinese Family Names, Chinese Surnames

张 zhāng  (arc)    => Celebrities of the family name ?

张氏荣耀大姓 历史人材辈出

张,是一个十分荣耀的大姓,历史悠久,族大支繁,人材辈出。姓张的人要是数起“家珍”来,恐怕很少有人能比得过他们。   《姓纂》上面说:“黄帝第五子青阳生挥,为弓正,观观弧星,始制弓矢,主祀张星,因姓张氏。”   《姓氏考略》上又说:“挥造弧矢,受封于张,后为弓氏、张氏、望出太原。”   《风俗通》上则指出:“张、王、李、赵、黄帝赐姓。”   由以上三段记载看来,张姓的祖先,可以直接追溯到五千年前中华民族的共同始祖黄帝,是黄帝的直系后裔,而不必像许多别的姓氏一样,须得费点力气才能拐弯抹角地找到自己是黄炎子孙的证明。光是这一点,张姓的人就要比别人幸运而神气得多了。   其次,张姓还有一个可以自夸的地方,就是他们的祖先挥,是古代的重要武器弓矢的发明者。使用弓矢以前,必须先用力气把它张开,所以挥的后代有的姓弓,有的姓张。现在姓张的人介绍自己的姓氏时,每每使用“弓长张”的说法,实在非常有道理,也足见中国文字的无比巧妙。   这一支由黄帝直接传下来的张姓,最初的发源地,是在今山西省的太原一带。   到了大约三千年前的周代,黄帝的另外两支姬姓的后代,又有以张为姓的。其一,为据元代袁桷《张氏宗谱序》上所说的:“张姓出于姬姓,至周而氏者祖于韩,其得望者十二,曰襄阳、洛阳、河东、始兴、冯翊、吴郡、平原、清河、河间、中山、曰魏、曰蜀。”   其二,则系根据《通志氏族略》所说的:“晋有解张,字张侯,自此晋国始有张氏;出清河、南阳、吴郡、安定(在今甘肃省)、敦煌、武威、范阳、犍为、沛国、梁国、中山、汲郡、河内、高平十四望。”   由此可见,张姓与姬姓,固然是五千年前同时受黄帝赐姓的姓氏,但是,到了两千年后的周代,由周文王的姬姓后裔所建立的韩国和晋国,又都有人以张为姓,这两支张姓而且后来居上,繁衍很广,在襄阳、洛阳等26处地方都是望族。因此,汉族的张姓,追溯起来虽然同为黄帝轩辕氏的后裔,但其得姓之先后有别,支派也有不同,后来使得张姓成为汉族一个大姓的,则主要是张姓的后裔,他们族大人众,繁衍到今天,几乎只要有华人的地方,就会有姓张的人出现。   历来张姓的济济多士,人材辈出,更足以羡煞别人,从战国时游说六国连横事秦的张仪开始,历代的史籍之中,就满载着张姓之人的事功和成就,他们不但在事功上出人头地,对于学术、艺术、以及医学等方面,也有了不起的贡献。
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Chinese Family Names

According to the Xinhua Agency (New China Agency), the latest research supported by the National Natural Science Fund Committee gave the new sequence of “Chinese Family Names". Although the three names Li, Wang, Zhang declined in the proportion of the total population, they still take the place of the top 3.

The total population of each of these three names is not exceeding 100 million

This survey was accomplished during two years by Mr YUAN Yida , a researcher of the Institute of Chinese Academy of genetic and developmental biology. Their survey involved 1,110 counties and cities of 296 million people, received 4,100 Chinese Family names. Through the county, region and province population statistics, resulting in the classification of the New Chinese Family Names. The survey showed that among the 4,100 names, the top three are Li, Wang, Zhang, which accounted for 7.4%, 7.2% and 6.8% of China's total population, the total population of each of the three names is less than 100 million; there are 18 names accounted for 1% of China's total population, 129 names accounted for 0.1% of the population and occupied 87% of the total population.

The population of the tree names declined compared with 20 years ago

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population. “Li, as the largest name, was declined from 7.9% to 7.4% currently, because there were only 570,000 original samples, but now they reached nearly 3 million.” YUAN Yida said that compared with 20 years ago, the sample of this survey is larger than before, involved nearly 40% counties of China, in almost all areas that the Chinese characters are used. The results are closer to the Chinese names real situation. Especially for the study of Chinese Y chromosome diversity, disease distribution, the origin of the nationality Han, and flow disciplines, the distribution data and areas of the top 300 common Chinese names would provide new clues and information which have the highest valuation in research and practical use.

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population.

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population.

YUAN Yida showed, according to the data published in1987, that Li, Wang, and Zhang are the largest three names of China, which accounted for 7.9%, 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population.

So far, there are 23,000 names are collected

China was the first country of the world who uses family name, about 5000 years ago; the name has been designated as hereditary, passed through patriarchal way. 20 years ago, it was the first time of CAS natural science approach to the study of Chinese surnames distribution, they announced the classification of 100 common surnames, and this research brings the high concern of both the interior and overseas Chinese.

The Chinese scientists will continue to publish the data and distribution of the top 300 Chinese names and re-publish "the Great Chinese surnames dictionary," which will include over 23,000 names collected in order to advance the development of the name and genealogy culture industries.

Background

20 years ago, 270 million people named Zhang Yuan Wang National experts showed the "Family Names “in census data of 1986. These three clans are the top three.

On May 2, 1987, the studies statistical results of YUAN Yida and Institute CAS of genetic and biology development: the largest three names are Li, Wang, Zhang, which accounted for 7.9% , 7.4% and 7.1% of the total population, the total population of these three names are 270 million, that are the largest three clans groups of world. And the name which Chinese people have used had reached 22,000. According to the introduction of YUAN Yida , the family name research is a science. And Chinese names are the best research target in name study. Chinese surnames reflects the process of Chinese society’s evolution in several thousands years.

There is no one country and a nation in the world that has a long history like China, with 5,000 years continuous history. Such a civilization chain is the most consistent with the laws of genetics. In addition, the Chinese people have a relatively strong in clan concepts, so the persons who have the same name, share the same blood relations often live together. "This is why in the map of China; there is so many village of Zhang's and Villages of Li's,YUAN Yida said.

In 1983, there is a national census in China. The relevant sample data of census are counted in 1986. According to the related information and data, YUAN Yida started the statistical research on family names. In1987, the statistics of YUAN Yida output 12,000 to 13,000 Chinese names. In the same year, the news of Chinese Academy of Sciences doeing the research on family name was disseminated widely by some news media. On May 2, 1987, YUAN Yida published the top 100 names in this statistics, which to be known as "New 100 Chinese Family Names." In "New Family Names", "Li, Wang, Zhang," are the top three. In 2002, a book who has more than 50 million words with 200 charts of name's distribution "Chinese surnames: genetic and demographic groups," announced the research work of 10 years being completed. In the book, after years of collecting and studies of national names YUAN Yida indicated that the biggest three names are Li, Wang, and Zhang.

YUAN Yida said that it’s not easy for these common surnames to continue to today. For example in the dynasty Yuan, to assure the dominion of Yuan, it had been recommended to the emperor Yuan Shun to kill all the people whose names were in the top five. Fortunately the Emperor hesitated before deciding not to do any action, so these people can survive, thus enabling the transmission of the family name transmit to this day.

According to the report of “The evening paper of Guangzhou”

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